Layer 1 blockchain refers to the underlying infrastructure of a blockchain network, also known as the "base layer" or "protocol layer." This layer is responsible for maintaining the integrity and security of the network through consensus mechanisms, such as proof-of-work or proof-of-stake. It also includes the rules and incentives that govern the behavior of the network participants, as well as the methods for creating and validating new blocks.

Some examples of Layer 1 blockchain are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin.

The pros of Layer 1 blockchain include:

Security: Layer 1 blockchain networks are highly secure and resistant to tampering, as they use advanced cryptography and consensus mechanisms to ensure the integrity of the network.

Decentralization: Layer 1 blockchain networks are decentralized, meaning that no single entity controls the network. This creates a more democratic and transparent system, where all participants have an equal say.

Immutability: The data on a Layer 1 blockchain network is immutable, meaning that once it is recorded it cannot be altered or deleted. This creates a permanent and transparent record of all transactions.

Censorship resistance: Because of the decentralized nature of Layer 1 blockchain, it is very difficult for any single entity to censor or control the network.

Transparent: Transactions are visible to everyone on the network, increasing transparency and accountability.

Fast: Transactions are processed in a matter of minutes, allowing for quick and efficient transactions.

Cost-effective: Transactions are processed without the need for intermediaries, reducing costs.

No chargeback: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be reversed, preventing fraud and chargebacks.

High level of security: Blockchain technology is highly secure and resistant to hacking and tampering.

Borderless: Blockchain technology allows for transactions to take place across borders, without the need for intermediaries.

Programmable: Blockchain technology can be programmed to execute complex processes and smart contracts.

High scalability: Blockchain technology can handle a high volume of transactions per second

The cons of Layer 1 blockchain include:

Scalability: Because of the decentralized nature of Layer 1 blockchain, it can be difficult to scale the network to handle a large number of transactions. This can lead to slow transaction times and high fees.

Complexity: Layer 1 blockchain networks can be complex and difficult to understand for the average person, which can be a barrier to adoption.

Limited functionality: Layer 1 blockchain networks are primarily focused on maintaining the integrity and security of the network, and may not have the functionality to support more advanced applications.

Environmental impact: Some Layer 1 blockchain networks, such as Bitcoin, require a significant amount of energy to secure the network, which has a negative impact on the environment.

High energy consumption: Some blockchain networks consume a high amount of energy to maintain the network.

Lack of regulation: Blockchain technology is still largely unregulated, which can lead to a lack of oversight and protection for users.

Limited adoption: Blockchain technology is still in the early stages of adoption and not widely used by businesses and individuals.

Volatility: Cryptocurrencies, which are often used on blockchain networks, are highly volatile and can experience significant fluctuations in value.

Limited privacy: Blockchain networks are transparent and all transactions are visible to everyone on the network, which can compromise user privacy.

Limited use case: Blockchain technology is only useful for specific use cases such as peer-to-peer transactions and digital asset management.

Limited flexibility: Blockchain networks have limited flexibility as they are built on a specific set of rules and protocols.

Limited accessibility: Blockchain networks can be difficult for some users to access due to lack of infrastructure and support.

Why we should prefer layer 1 over layer 2 blockchain?

There are several reasons why one may prefer layer 1 over layer 2 blockchain:

Security: Layer 1 blockchains are considered more secure as they are the foundation of the blockchain network and are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the network. Layer 2 solutions are built on top of layer 1, and any security vulnerabilities in layer 2 can compromise the security of the entire network.

Decentralization: Layer 1 blockchains are decentralized by design, meaning that there is no single point of failure or control. Layer 2 solutions, on the other hand, may be more centralized, relying on a smaller number of nodes to validate transactions.

Transparency: Layer 1 blockchains provide a high level of transparency as all transactions are recorded on a public ledger that is accessible to everyone on the network. Layer 2 solutions may not be as transparent, as they may not involve all nodes in the validation process.

Interoperability: Layer 1 blockchains are more interoperable as they are the foundation of the network and can be used to build various layer 2 solutions. Layer 2 solutions, on the other hand, are typically built for specific use cases and may not be compatible with other layer 2 solutions.

Scalability: Layer 1 blockchain can scale to handle a high volume of transactions per second. Layer 2 solutions are built to increase scalability but it's not guaranteed that will be able to scale as much as Layer 1.

That said, it's important to note that layer 2 solutions can provide additional benefits such as increased scalability and reduced transaction fees, so the choice between layer 1 and layer 2 may depend on the specific use case and requirements of a particular project.

Conclusion:

Overall, while Layer 1 blockchain has its advantages, it also has its limitations and trade-offs. As the technology matures and evolves, there are also new solutions such as layer 2 scaling solutions that are being developed to address these limitations.