As the warm days of the year approach, the electricity consumption has increased significantly as in previous years. The average consumption demand during the peak time (during the day and night) of the country's network in the days of May is equal to 45 thousand 93 megawatts, and the average of this quantity in the first week of June is 50 thousand 611 megawatts, in the second week to 53 thousand 222 megawatts, and in the third week to 58 thousand and 476 megawatts. And in the fourth week of June, it has reached 61,576 megawatts. On the 5th of July, the peak consumption power of 65,292 megawatts was recorded. The very rapid growth of consumption in the country's electricity network is proportional to the increase in the average temperature of the country.

Researchers are racing to find ways to solve the problems of achieving clean energy, including solar energy storage. Solar energy is one of the best renewable sources, but there are obstacles that do not allow us to use it widely and replace it with conventional energy sources. Since solar energy varies throughout the day, it is important to have a powerful storage system.

Recently, solar energy has been converted into electricity in solar panel system (electronic components that convert sunlight directly into electricity with the help of the photovoltaic effect). These sources cannot store this energy for a long time, and separate battery storage systems are inappropriate and expensive. To solve this problem, researchers are trying to find ways to convert solar energy and store it in a device.

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Previous efforts to simplify the conversion of solar energy and its storage led to the placement of two different components together in one device, the structure of which was complex and therefore inefficient, expensive and heavy, but significant efforts have been made to combine these elements in one device. which ends the problems of previous designs. Japanese researchers say that the amount of solar energy received on the surface of the earth is up to 100,000 terawatts per hour, which meets the world's annual energy consumption needs of 16 terawatts. However, solar energy is intermittent like wind energy.

To balance supply and demand, solar energy converted by solar panel system must be stored in other energy storage devices. For this reason, it is necessary to use suitable technologies for energy storage in solar panel system to make the use of solar energy viable and to transfer the produced electricity when needed. Scientists have had success using six different types of rechargeable metal batteries: lithium-ion, zinc-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-iod, zinc-iod, lithium-oxygen, zinc-oxygen, and lithium-carbon dioxide batteries.

They have detailed the advantages and disadvantages of using each of these batteries and how to use them in converting solar energy converted by solar panel system into electricity and storing energy; For example, lithium-ion batteries, which we are all familiar with, are used in many electronic devices, including laptops and mobile phones; But due to their complex structure, it is difficult to make these batteries in usable size for solar energy.

Researchers have pointed out that this technology is still in its early stages and more research should be done in this field. It is necessary to discover more electrode materials and optimize the structure of batteries. The researchers hope to discover how this technology might be applied to other types of energy conversion and storage systems.